This actually in relative terms takes a very long time, and during that time the entire console's resources are free to use. Vblank is what happens when the gun reaches the bottom of the television screen and has to move all the way back to the top to begin drawing the next frame. I don't really need to explain the difference between active scan and hblank code here, but what's important is vblank code. When the gun stopped drawing and had to move to the next position, that provided perfect opportunities to run different kinds of code for different tasks not limited by BUS limitations due to scanout from the console. This is because old TVs had a physical gun that would change the position of where the scanout was being drawn. Retro consoles kinda work like this, except it's the TV that determines the switch. Since this happens so fast, we can't perceive the switch and it looks instantaneous. Every few microseconds, a CPU will switch to the next program to run. To make it look like multiple programs are running at the same time, they'll use an interrupt from the CPU to switch which program is being run. In computing, the illusion of multitasking is achieved by switching between running code - typically, a CPU can only run one program list's instructions at any given time. Think of them almost like entirely different programs. Code is split into three sections: Active scan code, HBlank code, and VBlank code. Old games work on the principle that the television itself times how code can run. The reason slowdown occurs in retro games is because of the timing loop they operated on. There appears to be some people here confused about slowdown vs render speed here. That involves taking a donor cartridge with a higher clocked SuperFX chip and burning the Starfox rom to an eeprom then soldering it to the board.

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